{"id":1689,"date":"2010-01-21T11:23:47","date_gmt":"2010-01-21T11:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.icocean.com\/blog\/?p=1689"},"modified":"1970-01-01T07:00:00","modified_gmt":"1970-01-01T07:00:00","slug":"%E7%8E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%91%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%E7%A9%B6%E7%AB%9F%E6%98%AF%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%9C%87%E6%92%BC%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.icocean.com\/blog\/?p=1689","title":{"rendered":"\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u6559\u6388\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9707\u64bc\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u754c\u7684"},"content":{"rendered":"

      \u524d\u4e00\u9635\u5b50\u5728\u300a\u5f2f\u66f2\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684MD5\u3001SHA-1\u3001AES\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u5462\uff1f\u800c\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u6559\u6388\u7834\u89e3MD5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4f55\u79cd\u6210\u5c31\uff1f\u770b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u6587\u5a92\u4f53\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u5f97\u4e0d\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u8bb0\u8005\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u559c\u95fb\u4e50\u89c1\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u628a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u8bf4\u5f97\u60ca\u5929\u52a8\u5730\u6765\u88c5\u5671\u5934\uff0c\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u51e0\u4e4e\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u6b63\u597d\u524d\u51e0\u5929\u6770\u592b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u60ac\u8d4f\uff1a\u6c42\u89e3\u4e03\u5927\u4e16\u7eaa\u96be\u9898\u300b\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5f90\u8fdf\u5199\u300a\u54e5\u5fb7\u5df4\u8d6b\u731c\u60f3\u300b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u5f90\u8fdf\u867d\u7136\u6709\u70b9\u5938\u5927\u54e5\u5fb7\u5df4\u8d6b\u731c\u60f3\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e0d\u82df\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6570\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u5f90\u8fdf\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e5f\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u6562\u9a6c\u864e\uff0c\u751f\u6015\u62a5\u9053\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u786c\u4f24\u3002\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e0d\u82df\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u4ece\u5934\u8bf4\u8d77\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\uff08Cryptography\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6e90\u4e8e\u5e0c\u814a\u8bedkrypt\u00f3s\uff08\u610f\u5373\u201c\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u201d\uff09\u548cgr\u00e1phein\uff08\u610f\u5373\u201c\u4e66\u5199\u201d\uff09\u3002\u671b\u540d\u77e5\u610f\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u9690\u5bc6\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7279\u522b\u6307\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u4e5f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\uff08confidentiality\uff09\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u5f97\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u9006\u5411\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u62e6\u622a\u8005\u6216\u7a83\u542c\u8005\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002\u7528\u884c\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u8f6c\u6362\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u62fc\u547d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u52a0\u5bc6\u6cd5\u5c31\u80fd\u4e00\u89c8\u65e0\u4f59\u7684\u7834\u8bd1\u5bc6\u7535\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee5\u524d\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u7801\u672c\u201d\u603b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u6211\u519b\u6253\u5165\u56fd\u519b\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u95f4\u8c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u5b83\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7b97\u6cd5\u4fdd\u5bc6\u5e76\u975e\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u67ef\u514b\u970d\u592b\u539f\u5219\uff08Kerckhoffs\u2019 principle\uff09\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec6\u8282\u5df2\u4e3a\u4eba\u6089\u77e5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5f97\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u201d\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u9f3b\u7956\u9999\u519c\u4e5f\u6709\u53e5\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u8bdd\u201c\u654c\u4eba\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u201c\u597d\u201d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08key\uff09\u6765\u52a0\u5bc6\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u5bc4\u6258\u5728\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u654c\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5bc6\u94a5\u672a\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u7406\u5e94\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u5c40\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6240NIST\uff09\u516c\u5e03\u7531IBM\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 DES\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u73b0\u4ee3\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff08\u5982\u63a2\u7d22\u5355\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6c42\u89e3\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u5206\u6790\u5b66\uff08\u53d1\u73b0\u5bc6\u7801\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u52a0\u5feb\u6c42\u89e3\u6574\u6570\u5206\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u3001\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u679c\u5982RSA\u3001DSA\u3001\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982MIT\u5f00\u53d1\u7684Kerberos\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5230\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e86\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u522b\u4eba\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7834\u5bc6\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u4f1a\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u53c8\u8981\u626f\u56de\u53bb\u8c08\u51e0\u53e5\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u4e0d\u518d\u5bc4\u6258\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0a\u3002\u8bd5\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u5bc4\u6258\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5bc6\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6cc4\u5bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cc4\u9732\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c0f\u591a\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u52a0\u5bc6\u90fd\u9009\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cc4\u9732\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\uff0c\u628a\u6cc4\u6f0f\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u964d\u5230\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7834\u89e3\u5355\u5355\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\uff0c\u8981\u7834\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u7834\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u7834\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u77e5\u9053\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7834\u5bc6\u5206\u6790\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u62b5\u6d88\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u9886\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u5c11\u91cf\u8d44\u6e90\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u7834\u89e3\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u8bb8\u591a\u7ea7\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7834\u5bc6\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u6559\u6388\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0d\u591f\u4e25\u5bc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u627e\u5230\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u7834\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4f7f\u5f97\u7834\u89e3\u53ef\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u4e0b\u9762\u8be5\u8c08\u5230\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0chash\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u8bf4\u6742\u51d1\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u8bf4\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u79f0\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8fd9\u91cc\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u3002Hash\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5bb6Bruce Schneier \u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6211\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bc6\u7801\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5904\u5904\u90fd\u7528\u5230Hash\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u8c61\u4e07\u7075\u836f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

      \u4f9d\u7167\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0chash\u51fd\u6570\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u79cd\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u6210\u8f93\u51fa\u7684hash\u503c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38hash\u503c\u6bd4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8981\u77ed\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u628a\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7hash\u6620\u5c04\u6210\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0chash\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u628a\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6620\u5c04\u6210\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\uff1ahash\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u6765\u751f\u6210\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6458\u8981\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u79f0\u4e3ahash\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684hash\u51fd\u6570\u662fSHA-1\uff08160\u4f4d\uff09\u548cMD5\uff08128\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\uff0cSHA\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u662fSHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, \u548c SHA-512\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40 (NSA) \u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u81f3\u4e8eSHA-0\uff0c1993\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u540e\u5c31\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5165SHA\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e32\u7ecfhash\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684hash\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e32\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b2\u7a81(Collision)\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4e32\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7hash\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e32\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6839\u636e\u9e3d\u7b3c\u539f\u7406\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u662f\u62bd\u5c49\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\uff1a\u82e5\u6709n\u4e2a\u7b3c\u5b50\u548cn+1\u53ea\u9e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9e3d\u5b50\u90fd\u88ab\u5173\u5728\u9e3d\u7b3c\u91cc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b3c\u5b50\u6709\u81f3\u5c112\u53ea\u9e3d\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2ahash\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u51b2\u7a81\u540e\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\uff1f\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u201c\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u53d1\u5c04\u6838\u5f39\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ed9\u6211\u8ba2\u5348\u996d\u201d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684 hash\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u5bf9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u653e\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u628a\u540e\u8005\u5f53\u6210\u524d\u8005\u6267\u884c\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

      \u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u597d\u201d\u7684hash\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8981\uff081\uff09\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8f93\u5165\u4e32\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e32\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ecehash\u503c\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u4e32\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u8ba9\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684hash\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7834\u89e3\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u7684\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u524d\u4e24\u6761\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u7684hash\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u592a\u5f31\u4e86\u70b9\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u8981\u629b\u5f03\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u8ba4\u7684 \u201c\u597d\u201dhash\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u65e0\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e1a\u754c\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u4efb\u610f\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u51b2\u7a81\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u529b\u653b\u51fb\uff08brutal force\uff09\u6765\u7a77\u4e3e\uff0cSHA-1\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f160\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc12^160+1\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9e3d\u7b3c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e32\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u6982\u7387\u4e0a\u53ea\u9700\u89812^80\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u60f3\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u97a0\u8eac\u5c3d\u7601\u4e86\u3002\u7b97\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e07\u5e74\u624d\u627e\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u7334\u5b50\u90fd\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u800c\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u6559\u6388\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u7834\u89e3\uff0c\u5979\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63d0\u51fa\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u7684\u7a77\u4e3e\u6b21\u6570\u627e\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5979\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86MD5\uff0cSHA-0\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caSHA-1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7834\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

      2004\u5e748\u6708\u5728\u52a0\u5ddeSanta Barbara\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e74\u4f1a\uff08CRYPTO\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86MD5\u548cSHA-0\u7684hash\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5979\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u57282^37\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u540e\u627e\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5979\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u679c\u5f53\u65f6\u5c31\u9707\u60ca\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

      2005\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u4e3e\u884c\u7684 RSA \u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u6559\u6388\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86160\u4f4dSHA-1\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea62^69\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u51fa\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u662f2^80\u6b21\u3002\u7531\u4e8eSHA-1\u51fd\u6570\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9SHA-1\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u2014\u2014\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u8ba1\u7b97\u51faSHA-1\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u4e8e\u5f3a\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u7834\u89e3\u7684SHA-1\uff0c\u5176\u9632\u62a4\u58c1\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4eba\u51ff\u51fa\u4e86\u51f9\u6d1e\u3002\u6765\u81eaICSA \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5bb6Mark Zimmerman \u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u4e00\u51fb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

      2005\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u3001\u59da\u671f\u667a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u59da\u671f\u667a\u59bb\u5b50\u59da\u50a8\u67ab\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u57ce\u5e02\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3aKnuth\u8d77\u540d\u9ad8\u5fb7\u7eb3\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u8054\u624b\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e74\u4f1a\uff08\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u52a0\u5dde Santa Barbara\uff09\u63d0\u51faSHA-1\u51fd\u6570hash\u51b2\u7a81\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6539\u826f\u7248\u3002\u6b64\u6539\u826f\u7248\u4f7f\u7834\u89e3SHA-1\u65f6\u95f4\u7f29\u77ed\u4e3a2^63\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

      2005\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7834\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u5979\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u6559\u6388\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ad9\u5728\u4e86\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5520\u5520\u53e8\u53e8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u6700\u540e\u8981\u91cd\u7533\u4e00\u53e5\uff0cMD5\uff0cSHA-0\uff0cSHA-1\u7b49hash\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u201d\u800c\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u8fd8\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u65ad\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u7b11\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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