\u5f00\u6e90\u7684LAMP (linux\/Apache\/Mysql\/PHP) \u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u7684web application platform,\u4e0d\u5c11\u7f51\u7ad9,\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u5f52\u7f51\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6b64\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a.<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u6d77\u5f52\u7f51\u6b63\u5f0f\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230LAMP\u5e73\u53f0\u4e4b\u524d, \u7b14\u8005\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u505a\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c,\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728J2EE \u6216\u8005 ASP.NET \/ASP\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528, \u5177\u4f53\u662f\u5728application \u5c42\u9762, \u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u529f\u80fd\/\u53ef\u6269\u5145\u6027\u548cscalability, \u800c\u7f51\u7ad9\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\/\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898–\u6216\u8005\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0d\u5927,\u6216\u8005\u786c\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a(hardware load balancer, cluster, dedicated web\/middle tier\/DB tier\/team\u7b49). \u5728\u6d77\u5f52\u7f51, \u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728LAMP\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee5\u524d\u505a\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u81ea\u5df1\u73a9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898– \u9664\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5916, \u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u548cscalability\u65b9\u9762\u7684.<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u91cc\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u70b9\u79ef\u6512\u7684LAMP\u73af\u5883\u4e0bPHP\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7ecf\u9a8c. (\u8c22\u8c22\u8001\u72fc\u548c\u6d77\u5f52\u7f51\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ed9\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u6325\u70b9\u4e1a\u4f59\u7231\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a); \u4ee5\u540e\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u8c08\u8c08scalability\/availability\u7b49.<\/p>\n
\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u7f51\u7ad9\u90fd\u548c\u6d77\u5f52\u7f51\u4e00\u6837\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668(\u6d77\u5f52\u7f51\u6709\u4e00\u53f0dedictaed\u7684dell, \u66f4\u591a\u66f4\u5dee\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9shared hosting\u7684\u5219\u662f\u51e0\u5341\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u516c\u7528\u4e00\u53f0server), \u800c\u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u8eab\u517cweb server, application server,database server, firewall\u7b49\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u529f\u80fd…\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u521d\u671f\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u8bc1\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\/\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027.<\/p>\n
1. \u7f16\u8bd1php\/apache\/mysql \u65f6\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4, \u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f,\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7dbinary packages\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86–\u65e0\u8bba\u662fdebian \u7684apt-get \u8fd8\u662fredhat\u7684rpm \/yum. \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u4e00\u822c\u5e76\u672a\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u505a\u4f18\u5316, \u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684C\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668 flags \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879,\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u8bd1\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u4f7f\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u51e0\u4e2a\u5230\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9.<\/p>\n
\u63a8\u8350\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e4b\u524d, \u8bbe\u7f6e CFLAGS \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf:<\/p>\n
export CFLAGS=”-march=pentium4 -O2 -pipe -msse2 -mfpmath=sse,387 -mmmx -fomit-frame-pointer”<\/p>\n
-march , -msse2, -mfpmath, -mmmx \u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668CPU\u7c7b\u578b\u505a\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e; \u6d77\u5f52\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u4e2axeon CPU\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6807\u8bb0; \u8001\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684GCC \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a -prefer-nopix<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u822clinux\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u77e5\u9053, \u4e0b\u8f7d\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f:<\/p>\n
.\/configure [options]
make
make install<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd0\u884c.\/configure \u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u7f16\u8bd1\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u514d\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u81c3\u80bf.<\/p>\n
.\/configure \u65f6\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981enable pix, \u800c\u662f\u7528 –disable-pix\u9009\u9879;<\/p>\n
2. \u8f6f\u4ef6\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n
linux \u6838\u5fc3\u7248\u672c\u6700\u597d\u57282.6\u4ee5\u4e0a, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u865a\u5b58\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u6bd42.4\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6539\u5584,\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927.<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u7684php\/apache\/mysql\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u7684bug,\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a. \u6bd4\u5982 mysql 5.1.11\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\/\u7d22\u5f15\u9891\u7e41\u5d29\u6e83;\u6700\u65b0\u7684php5.2.5\u548cphp5.2.6 development snapshot \u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709memory leak, \u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u7528\u5149\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5947\u6162\u65e0\u6bd4\u751a\u81f3\u6b7b\u673a\u7b49\u7b49.We learned it the hard way Sad<\/p>\n
3. \u4f7f\u7528google\u7684tcmalloc \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u66fflibc\u91cc\u7684\u6807\u51c6malloc.<\/p>\n
google\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u5305 perftool \u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u786e\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9. tcmalloc\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a, \u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7684malloc\u76f8\u6bd4, \u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e0a\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8; \u7f16\u8bd1mysql\u65f6\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528tcmalloc\u5e93–
\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4, \u53ea\u8981\u5728.\/configure \u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684Makefile\u91cc\u6539\u4e00\u4e0b, \u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\u7684\u90a3\u884c\u6700\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a -ltcmalloc\u5373\u53ef.<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5df2\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684binary,\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u60f3\u7b80\u5355\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0btcmalloc\u7684\u6548\u679c, \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528LD_PRELOAD\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5236\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528tcmalloc\u5e93; \u4f8b\u5982\u5728mysqld_safe\u91cc\u52a0\u5165<\/p>\n
export LD_PRELOAD=\/usr\/local\/lib\/libtcmalloc.so<\/p>\n
\u786e\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528tcmalloc\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528lsof\u547d\u4ee4:<\/p>\n
lsof -n| grep tcmalloc<\/p>\n
\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528tcmalloc\u540emysql\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u786e\u5b9e\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8,\u4f46\u5728php\u548capache\u4e0a\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u6548\u679c.<\/p>\n
4. PHP config<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6253\u5f00 zlib_compression\u5f00\u5173,\u8fd9\u6837\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u5148\u88ab\u538b\u7f29,\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\u5e76\u4e14\u52a0\u5febpage load\u901f\u5ea6.<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5728php\u91cc\u538b\u7f29.\u800c\u662f\u5728apache\u91cc\u7528mod_deflate.<\/p>\n
5. Apache config<\/p>\n
MPM: apache\u6807\u51c6MPM\u662fprefork, \u8d77\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42. \u5982\u679c\u53ef\u884c, \u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528apache worker MPM, \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11apache\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd. \u6700\u65b0\u7684event mpm\u5728worker mpm\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6027\u80fd,\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d(\u622a\u81f3apache 2.2.Cool\u5c1a\u5904\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u5728production\u4f7f\u7528.<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528worker mpm\u8981\u6c42\u7f16\u8bd1apache\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528worker mpm\u9009\u9879, \u5e76\u4e14php\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210thread-safe\u7684,\u94fe\u63a5\u5230mysql\u7684thread-safe client library.<\/p>\n
httpd.conf\u91cc\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e(\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86, apache\u5728\u7ebf\u6587\u6863\u91cc\u90fd\u6709):
— mpm\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e
— keep alive: \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bbe\u6210 on \u6bd4\u8f83\u597d; \u4e2a\u522b\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bbe\u6210off\u66f4\u597d;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u6d4b\u8bd5
— keep alive time out: 1-2 \u79d2.
— maxkeepaliveRequest: \u8bbe\u6210\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u76ee, \u6bd4\u5982 1000\u62162000.
— extended server status: disable
— allow override: \u8bbe\u6210\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8 (\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684.htaccess\u6587\u4ef6)
— HostnameLookups Off
–LogLevel: \u5728production box\u4e0a\u8bbe\u6210 error\u6216crit<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u7528mod_rewrite<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u7528apache worker MPM + mod_php, \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684apache\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u7528apache+ mod_fastCGI + php-fcgi; \u4f7f\u7528fast CGI \u7684apache\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528,\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9.<\/p>\n
\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u53e5, \u867d\u7136apache\u5728web server\u91cc\u6700\u6709\u540d, \u4f46\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u5e76\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u6837, \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6open source\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\u4f53\u79ef\u5e9e\u5927\u81c3\u80bf\u5360\u5185\u5b58\u901f\u5ea6\u53c8\u6162. lighttpd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u6e10\u6d41\u884c\u7684http server, \u901f\u5ea6\u8f83apache\u5feb\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8. \u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u4e8escripting language\u7684web app \u4f8b\u5982ruby\/python\/perl\u90fd\u4ee5lighttpd+fast cgi\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c.<\/p>\n
6. mysql tunning<\/p>\n
–mysql storage engine\u7684\u9009\u62e9: \u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u662fMyISAM \u548cINNODB. \u524d\u8005\u662fmysql\u521d\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981engine, \u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528,\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u5feb,\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u7b49\u522b\u7684engine\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd. \u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406(transaction), \u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9ad8. innodb\u652f\u6301transaction\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u529f\u80fd. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9700\u8981\u4e86…\u5982\u679c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230ecommerce\u4e4b\u7c7b\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528innodb.<\/p>\n
–mysql \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u5316:<\/p>\n
query_cache_size: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981; \u592a\u5c0f\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2asql\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u627e\u4e00\u6b21, \u592a\u5927\u4e86\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8fc7\u591a\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206. \u53e6\u5916query cache\u91cc\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u82e5\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u5219\u6240\u6709cache\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6e05\u9664.<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916, myisam \u7684 key_buffer, table_open_cache, sort_buffer_size, thread_cache_size, thread_concurrency, tmp_table_size,max_heap_table_size,join_buffer_size, max_connections\u7b49\u90fd\u5f71\u54cdperformance. \u6b64\u5916.\u5bf9\u4e8eIINNODB, \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662finnodb_buffer_pool_size.<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684perl script\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8c03\u8282\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53c2\u6570: ( http:\/\/rackerhacker.com\/mysqltuner\/ ) .<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591aweb \u5e94\u7528\u6765\u8bf4, \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u74f6\u9888; \u800c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u95ee\u9898–sql \u67e5\u8be2\/join\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u5bfc\u81f4full table scan…\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728mysql\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e0a log-slow-queries \u9009\u9879\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u592a\u6162\u7684sql \u8bed\u53e5. \u751a\u81f3\u6253\u5f00log-queries-not-using-indexes \u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u7684sql…\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u89e3\u51b3: \u6216\u8005\u7ed9\u76f8\u5173\u5b57\u6bb5\u52a0\u4e0a\u7d22\u5f15, \u6216\u8005\u4f18\u5316\/\u6539\u5199\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u7684sql\u8bed\u53e5.<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65f6\u5199\u4e0d\u5b8c, \u7b49\u4e0b\u534a\u7bc7\u518d\u8bf4\u8bf4reverse proxy\/ opcode cache\/ data caching \u7b49.<\/p>\n
7. reverse proxy\/cache<\/p>\n
reverse proxy\u53c8\u79f0http accelerator\u662f\u5728web server \u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e00\u9053proxy, \u6240\u6709request\u5148\u7ecf\u8fc7proxy, \u5982\u679c\u662f\u5728proxy\u7f13\u5b58\u5185\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5219\u4e0d\u7528\u7ecf\u8fc7web server\u76f4\u63a5\u5c31\u4ece\u7f13\u5b58\u53d6\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668, \u5426\u5219\u8f6c\u7ed9\u540e\u9762\u7684web server.\u8fd9\u6837\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86web server \u7684\u8d1f\u62c5,\u4ece\u800c\u4f7fweb server\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u9875\u9762,\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u9759\u6001\u9875\u9762\u5219\u7531\u66f4\u52a0\u5feb\u901f\u8f7b\u4fbf\u7684proxy\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237, \u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6.<\/p>\n
\u8001\u724copen source proxy \u8f6f\u4ef6Squid\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u505areverse proxy\/http accelerator.<\/p>\n
Apache \u7684mod_proxy \u548cmod_cache\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
squid \u7a33\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u73b0\u5728\u662f2.6\u548c3.0. 2.6\u5c1a\u4e0d\u652f\u6301http 1.1. 2.5\u95ee\u9898\u8f83\u591a,\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528.<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6 varnish\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7684reverse proxy\u8f6f\u4ef6, \u4ece\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u539f\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\u6027\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5e76\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b, \u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00VCL\u5b9a\u5236\u4f60\u7684policy;\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u624b\u638c\u63e1VCL\u5e76\u5199\u51fa\u5b89\u5168\u800c\u53c8\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u8981\u7684control script\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u89c1\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b. \u6211\u8bd5\u7528\u4e86varnish\u4e00\u9635,\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684VCL\u5199\u7684\u6709\u95ee\u9898, \u5728performance\u4e0a\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982squid, \u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8fd8\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519…\u6240\u4ee5\u6682\u65f6\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u8fb9,\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u518d\u6162\u6162\u7814\u7a76. \u4f46\u662f\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u8bf4, varnish\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6f5c\u529b.<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86caching, reverse proxy \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u540e\u53f0web server, \u751a\u81f3\u7528\u4e8e\u4f5cload balancing.<\/p>\n
8. PHP opcode cache\/accelerator\/opcode optimizer<\/p>\n
\u6240\u8c13php opcode cache, \u5c31\u662f\u628a\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684php opcode \u7f13\u5b58\u8d77\u6765, \u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e00\u8fb9, \u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86php\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387.<\/p>\n
open source\u4e2dAPC, Turke MMCache(eAccelerator\u7684\u524d\u8eab)\/eAccelerator\u662f\u8001\u724c\u7684; \u5176\u4e2deAccelerator\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u8bc4\u6d4b\u4e2d\u58f0\u8a89\u751a\u4f73, \u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709 opcode\u4f18\u5316, cache\u538b\u7f29\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9. \u4f46\u5728\u6d77\u5f52\u7f51\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a, \u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u6d77\u5f52\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u539f\u56e0, eAccelerator\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5f3a\u5dee\u4eba\u610f,\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u4e0d\u7528.<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u51e0\u79cdopcode cache\u53cd\u590d\u8bd5\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c, xcache\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6700\u597d, \u5207\u5207\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5730\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86PHP\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6. \u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c Xcache\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u90fd\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002 xcache\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709opcode \u4f18\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u671f\u671b\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n
9. data cache<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eserver side\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u51e0\u7ea7cache\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42–>reverse cache, \u82e5\u547d\u4e2d, \u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de
\u5426\u5219 –> web server ;
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5148\u67e5 data cache; \u82e5\u547d\u4e2d\u5219\u4e0d\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\u5426\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93–>DBMS\u9996\u5148\u67e5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684query_cache, \u82e5\u547d\u4e2d\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7528\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u662fdata caching.<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8ephp web applicaiton\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cdshared-nothing\u7684\u67b6\u6784, \u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684, \u4e0d\u50cfJ2EE\u6216.NET\u4e00\u6837\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc(\u6bd4\u5982jaba servlet\u6216asp.net\u7684session), \u6240\u4ee5\u7f3a\u7701\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u7684\u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u5f97\u91cd\u65b0\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u904d\u6570\u636e\u5e93; \u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u6216\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee(\u56e0\u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u74f6\u9888), \u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709:<\/p>\n
–\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc
— \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u91cc:\u628a\u8017\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u653e\u5230\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u4e2d\u4f9b\u4ee5\u540e\u91cd\u7528,
— \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5728 shared memory\u91cc, \u4ece\u800c\u591a\u4e2aphp\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab.
— \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5728\u4e13\u95e8\u7684caching\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d.<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u6027\u80fd\u6765\u8bf4,\u5b58\u8d2e\u5728shared memory\u91cc\u662f\u6700\u5feb\u7684.<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668, \u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528eaccelerator\/xcache\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd–\u9664\u4e86cache php opcode\u4e4b\u5916, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5cache\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u529f\u80fd. \u4f8b\u5982, \u4f7f\u7528xcache\u7684 API\u5f88\u7b80\u5355:<\/p>\n
if (xcache_isset(“my_key”)) {
\/\/\u4ececache\u53d6\u51fa\u6570\u636e
$data = xcache_get(“my_key);
…
} else {
….
\/\/\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5230cache\u91cc
xcache_set(“my_key”, $new_data, 3600); \/\/ save data for 1 hour
}<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u591a\u53f0web server\uff0c \u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u672c\u5730\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cccache\u6570\u636e\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f1a\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528memcached.<\/p>\n
memcached \u662f\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fcaching \u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\u5305\u62ecphp\/java\/puthon\/ruby\/.net\/perl\/c \u7b49\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u901a\u8fc7tcp\/ip\u534f\u8bae\u8bbf\u95eememcached\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u662flive journel\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5927\u6d41\u91cf\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982facebook, wikimedia, slashdot, sourceforge\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
php\u7684memcached \u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2azend extension\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1b \u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5memcached \u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n
10. easy traffic limiting with iptables\uff0c \u7981\u6b62 hotlinks etc<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672c\u6765\u8ddf\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5e38\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u6162\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u8718\u86db\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u4e9b\u6076\u610f\u8718\u86db\u6216\u8005\u5230\u5904\u4e71\u6293\u7f51\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\u7684)\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u626b\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u641e\u5f97\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u582a\u91cd\u8d1f\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728apache\u91cc\u7981\u6b62user agent \u6216\u8005\u7981\u6b62ip, \u4f46\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u7528iptables\u7684recents\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728ip\u5c42\u5bf9client\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u901f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c \u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761iptables\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -i eth0 -m state –state NEW -m recent –set<\/p>\n
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -i eth0 -m state –state NEW -m recent –update –seconds 600 –hitcount 2 -j DROP<\/p>\n
\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c \u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728600\u79d2\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u672c\u673a\u5668\u7684web server (tcp 80\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u5e73\u5747\u8d85\u8fc72 \u6b21\u3002\u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u5219\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u88ab\u4e22\u6389\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u54cd\u5e94\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c \u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aip\u7684\u8718\u86db\u6216\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u5927\u91cf\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u762b\u75ea\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c \u7531\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u522b\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u94fe\u63a5\u672c\u7ad9\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6d41\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c \u964d\u4f4e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\uff0c \u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u8feb\u5728apache\u91cc\u7981\u6b62\u65e0\u672c\u5730referer\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u56fe\u50cf\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u6d77\u9f9f\u7f51\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aserver\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5306\u5306\u8349\u5c31\uff0c\u5148\u7761\u4e86\u3002 \u4ee5\u540e\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u518d\u778e\u804a\u4e0bscalability\u4e0eavailabilty\u3002<\/p>\n
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